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January 6
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:iconbiozz:
This is a very simple walk threw on a common problem ... measurement of current

i made this entirely in eagle CAD so i have no spell checking in there so just put up with it XP

next will probably be operational amplifiers or voltage measurement unless you have another idea
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:iconparallellogic:
Looks neat :)

You mention voltage measurement for the next article, I was wrangling with a problem a short while ago: measure a resistor of a known value that can vary +-5% (strain gauge) using a 0-5V analog sensor (10-bit analog on Arduino) using the minimum amount of soldering possible. Rather than use a voltage bridge which would only use a small fraction of the 0-5V range, I wanted to boost the signal to use the full range. Ended up with an op amp, three resistors plus the sample resistor that's being sampled, plus 5V and 2.5V voltage sources. Not the typical solution I'm sure, not sure if you've dealt with similar restraints on your projects.
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:iconbiozz:
=BiOzZ Jan 6, 2013  Hobbyist Photographer
ah yes using the resistor in a voltage divider than using the opamp as a difference amplifier (same as i did here) to measure the change in voltage caused by putting strain on the resistor?

this is one way of doing it ... there are several others including using the opamp as a general amplifier, using a transistor as an amplifier, a kinda sorta window amplifier (im not sure what its called)
for the least amount of soldering as possible with the highest resolution i would say using an opamp as a windowed amplifier would be the simpler way to go

in the next one i will take a shot at accomplishing this for you as simple as i can!! X3

and i do LOVE the arduino! XP
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:iconparallellogic:
I am familiar with a window/band-pass filter, though I am unfamiliar with a window amplifier, though it sounds like what I'm looking for

Exactly. For reference, [link] (Circuit Lab schematic) is what I'm currently planning on using, R5 is the strain gauge

~and i do LOVE the arduino! XP
Your thoughts on Raspberry Pi?
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:iconbiozz:
=BiOzZ Jan 6, 2013  Hobbyist Photographer
a windowed amplifier works very similar in theory to a band pass (or more like a window comparator) where you want to look for voltage changing between 2 set voltages .... for example lets say you are 50-50 dividing and the output voltage is between 2.3v and 3.3v you want to amplify the 1v difference within that window
you dont really have to worry about clamping down if your running the opamp off just 5V you dont have to worry about over voltage but for ridding of the 2.3v you probably want to make a difference amplifier [link] but you want a gain of more than 1 to make it readable by the 10 bit ADC

what you showed is basically a complicated way of going about a difference amplifier subtracting the 2.5V on + from the input on - than amplifing
they should use 2 10K resistors in a divider to get 2.5V from 5V or even use a trim pot to make it adjustable .. it is not in it self a bad circuit just not very well expressed
and i would be careful using 350R resistors there it would draw ~10ma from the circuit and ~35mw that can heat things up but if there is no other option it should not be to much of an issue
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:iconparallellogic:
~they should use ... it is not in it self a bad circuit just not very well expressed
:laughing: Thanks, I made it myself. I'm replicating this circuit 10 times for the 10 strain gauges in a rocket payload, I figured the simplest solution for providing the 2.5V reference would be to drop in a 2.5V voltage regulator and feed it to all the circuits, but you are right, a 1:1 voltage divider could work equally well, and may be better since I haven't looked into whether there are exact 2.5V voltage regulators available.

350 ohms is a limit based on what we have in the lab for free, strain gauges are surprisingly expensive it seems. The typical voltage regulator can source 0.5 amps without trouble, gets hot around 1 amp. The resistors will be the standard quarter-Watt variety

Can you tell me a bit about your electronics experience? It's rare to find a fellow electronics hobbyist on dA.
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:iconbiozz:
=BiOzZ Jan 6, 2013  Hobbyist Photographer
oh ^^; my bad!

well you can use an LM317 adjustable voltage regulator and like a 240 on r1 and r2 (mentally threw that together im not sure if thats exactly 2.5v) but its pointless as a voltage divider would be simplist, easiest and best regulated if your using the arduinos 5v any voltage drop across that will effect the entire circuit making no real ripple in the output

350 ohm should not be a problem just keep in mind it will produce between 35-70 miliwatts of heat (70 is if the pressure gauge is giving off 0 ohm) and if heat effects the gauge you will have to either compensate or give it time to heat up than recalabrate ... but ~50mw of heat is not really much at all so i think you will be fine

linear voltage regulators (LM78XX) are not efficient they reduce the voltage by turnign the rest of the voltage in to heat so to keep them cool keep the un-regulated supply as close to the output voltage as possable (when i use 5V i go for a 9v wall transformer, 13v for a 12v and 5V for a 3.3v) and/or put a heatsync on the output when drawing high current
but for your circuit a 1/4 watt resistor will work just fine for everything

my electronic experience was mostly self taught i always found it fun to make stuff and i raided radioshack parts bins as young as 13 X3 i have read more books on it than i can count and read more online material than i can ever think of beginning to guess XD
but im currently studying embedded design and firmware programming at UMD :3
one thing i loved about moving to america is people throw away everything so dumpster diving for parts i can build entire projects without spending a dime X3 ... im working on a 900 volt boost inverter made form recycled parts and about $5 in bought parts ^^

how about your self?
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:iconparallellogic:
Sorry for the late reply, got sidetracked with school starting up

~if heat effects the gauge you will have to either compensate or give it time to heat up than recalabrate
We flew a rocket last year to test the payload concept and I didn't actually see that much of a temperature change in the payload compartment. The resistors will be on a separate breadboard, they should be sufficiently isolated from the sensory electronics. The pressure/temperature gauge has it's own method of accurately determining pressure/temperature, I trust the spec sheet more than anything I could come up with, not knowing the inner workings of the chip

~keep them cool keep the un-regulated supply as close to the output voltage as possable
I've actually noticed that I need to keep the supply at least 1.5V or so above the target output voltage, otherwise the output dips.

~ i have read more books on it than i can count
Any in particular you would recommend? I follow [link] from time-to-time, but not much else, can you recommend any electronics sites you find interesting?

~im working on a 900 volt boost inverter made form recycled parts and about $5 in bought parts
:laughing: Prey tell, what's that for? Trying to build an ark lamp?

Hah, well, I did my undergrad in general engineering. I took a fancy to electronics during the latter half of my education and also found satellites interesting. It's my plan at present to work on satellite electronics eventually. Currently I'm working on a thesis on autonomous satellite rendezvous. The lab I'm in is building two satellites, though I'm not working with any specific hardware on the craft.

When I did my undergrad I worked on an underwater robotics competition. We had a generous grant to work with, but we learned the hard way to always build and test a robot before game day. We were literally building the robot for the first time in the car ride to the qualifying round. After hours of stalling for more time, we finally connect the plug (I had the honor of plugging in the power), we blew a voltage regulator (had one of the power supplies connected backward - it's easy to mix up wires when we're feeding a tether down to the robot and everything's enclosed). Didn't have any replacement parts, so we ended up failing the qualifying round, unfortunately.

For that project I worked on the computer GUI. Most teams had a power cable go down to their bot and then have the motor controls come back up and be operated by simple rocker switches. We had worked out a whole Arduino-based design inside the robot and had an ethernet cable coming back up to a computer on the surface. I had worked out a GUI to feed the user commands from a joystick down to the robot as well as display the live video feeds from four webcams. And then we couldn't get the robot to turn on, it was rather disappointing.

As I've mentioned, I'm also working on an electronics payload for a rocket. My hope is to have something that can interface with a GPS, but also read data off an IMU and strain gauges and then transmit the data to the ground live, and even turn cameras on/off (I prefer the cheap 808 cameras for like $12 over the GoPro which are like 10x the cost). Right now, I'm writing my thesis and studying for qualifying exams, I'm thinking of scaling the rocket payload back to just the GPS and transmitter though since I don't have the time or the personnel to put the whole thing together.

I've also spent an obscene amount of time programming in Java, though I'm not sure what you qualify as electronics experience.
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